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VENEREAL DISEASES
AND THEIR CONSEQUENCES
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In collaboration
with the German society
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against venereal diseases.
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Adapted and filmed
by Drs. C. Thomalla et N. Kaufmann.
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Venereal diseases are caused
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by microscopic living beings
(microorganisms)
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with an average size of 1/1,000 mm.
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Illustration:
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Representation of a pathogen
(1/1,000 mm)
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and of a spiral 1,000 times longer (1 mm).
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Contamination occurs
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by the transmission of the pathogen
from one person another,
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typically through sexual intercourse.
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GONORRHEA (THE CLAP)
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The pathogen, Gonococcus neisseri,
can be found in the pus
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secreted by the patient's
urogenital system.
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The staining of a pus preparation
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to diagnose
the disease with a microscope.
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Large pus corpuscles are observed
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as well as small punctiform organisms,
gonococci.
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(Micrography)
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The accumulation of pathogens
in the centre of the field of view.
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In men, the infection starts
in the anterior part of the urethra.
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A diagram of the male pelvis.
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Prostate
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Bladder
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Ureter
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Testicle
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Epididymis
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Infection:
on the next diagrams,
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the gonococci
have been greatly enlarged.
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The pathogens nestle deep
into the folds of the urethral mucosa.
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They multiply rapidly,
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leading to inflammation of the mucosa
and secretion of pus. (Discharge)
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In the absence of robust,
adequate treatment at this stage,
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the disease progresses...
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... and attacks the prostate.
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The pathogens
reach the epididymides
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via the spermatic cord.
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This causes intense pain,
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swelling and high fever.
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Because of the inflammation,
testicle ducts close up,
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leading to sterility.
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Then the inflammation progresses
to the vesical mucosa,
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and up to the renal pelvis and kidneys
via the ureter.
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Mortal danger!
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Swelling of the mucosa.
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Bladder
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Ureter
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Kidneys
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Renal pelvis
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These patients' urine
is cloudy and flocculent.
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Finally, the pathogens enter the blood.
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A sectional drawing of the urethra.
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Mucosa
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Muscles
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Cavernous body in the urethral wall.
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Enlargement of the framed area.
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Mucosa
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Urethral mucosa
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A gland
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Blood vessels
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The migration into the bloodstream
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following the inflammation-induced
loosening of the mucosa.
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The bloodstream carries
the pathogens to the heart.
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Veins
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Heart
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Arteries
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The micrography
of the blood vessels and bloodstream.
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Heart valves are affected
(endocarditis).
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Mortal danger!
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Healthy heart valves.
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Heart valve ulcers.
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Inflammation of the heart valves.
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Recovery leaves scarring on the valves.
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Cardiac failure follows.
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The heart sends the pathogens
into the bloodstream,
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which disseminates them
throughout the body.
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The infection becomes generalized
and is accompanied by high fever.
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Mortal danger!
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00:09:33,560 --> 00:09:37,640
The pathogens
can also settle in the joints.
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A diagram of a knee joint
with the afferent arteries.
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Femur
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Patella
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Popliteal fossa
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Tibia
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Popliteal artery
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The gonorrhea pathogens
cause an edema.
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Gonococcal arthritis ensues.
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The joint can remain stiff
after recovery!
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Even after the discharge has stopped
and the patient seems recovered,
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gonococci survive in the mucosa
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and ducts in the posterior part
of the urethra and prostate.
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An irritation
can induce discharge again.
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Contamination is still possible
even after a long period of time.
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In women, gonorrhea
is responsible for varied pathologies.
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In addition to the urethra and bladder,
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genital organs
are particularly affected.
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Gonococci reach the vagina...
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Vagina
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Uterus
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Fallopian tubes
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Ovaries
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... and the uterus.
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The pathogens settle in its glands
and often resist treatment.
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Then they reach
the Fallopian tubes and ovaries.
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All organs swell tremendously,
which causes intense pain.
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The inflamed mucosa sticks together,
blocking the tubes.
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Permanent sterility follows.
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Dirty hands, etc., can bring
the gonococci to the eyes,
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thus causing a serious eye condition
(gonococcal conjunctivitis).
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Danger of blindness!
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Patients!
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Utmost cleanliness is your first duty!
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Wash your hands!
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A newborn's eyes are threatened
if the mother has or has had gonorrhea.
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During birth,
the poison gets into the eyes,
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and causes
gonococcal ophtalmia neonatorum.
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Close-up of a diseased eye.
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A large number of inmates
from institutes for the blind
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have been victims
of this type of contamination!
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Midwives must instill
a solution of silver nitrate
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into the eyes of all newborns
to eliminate gonococci.
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Children's genital organs
are particularly sensitive.
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By having a bath
after an infected person,
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a little girl may be infected.
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Always use clean water
to bathe children!
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Gonorrhea can be avoided!
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Just like the instillation
in newborns' eyes,
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the immediate, thorough disinfection
of adults' organs
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destroys the pathogens
and protects from the disease.
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But if not done properly
within the first few hours,
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it may be ineffective.
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If symptoms appear,
see a doctor immediately!
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Setting up robust,
adequate treatment promptly
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is the key to quick recovery
without nasty consequences.
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To avoid endangering
fellow human beings,
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patients' first duty
is to maintain utmost cleanliness.
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Wash often and correctly!
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Not like that!
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Like this!
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DISINFECTANT
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Soiled linen needs to be disinfected!
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CORROSIVE SUBLIMATE
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VENEREAL DISEASES
AND THEIR CONSEQUENCES
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PART 2.
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CULTURAL DEPARTMENT
OF THE UNIVERSUM FILM AG, BERLIN.
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MEDICAL FILM ARCHIVES.
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SYPHILIS
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This pathogen belongs
to the spirochete group.
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These corkscrew-shaped
microscopic organisms
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move in a spiral motion.
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Micrography of chicken spirochetes.
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Micrography of Spirochaeta pallida.
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Finer and more difficult to identify,
it causes syphilis in human beings.
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Spirochetes throng
in the infected organs
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and mucosae (oral cavity, etc.)
of syphilitic patients.
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They enter the body
of the healthy person
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via physical contact
(sexual intercourse, kissing, etc.)
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through broken skin.
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Healthy skin
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Wound
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Stratum corneum
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Stratum lucidum
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Stratum granulosum
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Stratum germinativum
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Serous canal
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Lymphatic vessels
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Lymph node
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Blood vessel
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Syphilitic skin
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Spirochetes
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They multiply rapidly.
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A chancre develops
only 2-3 weeks after contamination.
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It's the primary stage.
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Often, no symptoms appear beforehand!
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A small, invisible scratch,
is enough for syphilis to enter.
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We all have them on our genital organs,
lips, hands or elsewhere.
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The risk of contamination
is thus constant.
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Contamination happens
most often in the genital area,
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but also around the mouth, with a kiss
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or dishes or cutlery
previously used by someone else.
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Use clean dishes and cutlery!
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00:22:32,800 --> 00:22:36,000
Never finish
someone else's cigar or cigarette!
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00:22:36,160 --> 00:22:38,680
For example, with just chapped lips...
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you can catch
a syphilitic chancre on the lip.
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The chancre is often invisible
from the outside.
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However,
the risk of contamination is high.
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Even tiny scratches
on the fingers are dangerous.
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Syphilitic chancre of the left nipple
with swollen axillary lymph node.
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Wet nurses can be contaminated
by syphilitic infants.
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Infants can be contaminated
by syphilitic wet nurses.
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Have your wet nurse
examined by a doctor!
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Pathogens follow lymphatic vessels
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from the chancre
to the nearest lymph nodes.
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Inguinal lymph nodes swell
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when the chancre is located
in the genital area.
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Submaxillar lymph nodes do the same
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when contamination happens
in the mouth area, etc.
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Lymph nodes protect the body
against intruders.
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They hold pathogens back for a while.
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But then, spirochetes
enter blood vessels.
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The bloodstream takes them
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to all organs of the human body,
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which results
in widespread contamination.
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This is the secondary stage.
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Blood flowing in arteries (Micrography).
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This stage brings breakouts
and weeping ulcers,
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as well as inflammation
and ulceration of the throat.
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These symptoms can go unnoticed
and disappear rapidly.
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00:26:28,600 --> 00:26:31,400
At the same time, fever, headaches,
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and neuroparalysis can appear.
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00:26:34,760 --> 00:26:36,080
Facial paralysis,
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00:26:36,240 --> 00:26:38,680
syphilitic patient
at the secondary stage.
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00:27:00,640 --> 00:27:05,240
After this, other symptoms
may not appear for a long time.
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However, the person is genuinely ill.
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If nothing is done against the disease,
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the tertiary stage
ultimately sets in!
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00:27:15,960 --> 00:27:20,400
Extensive, nasty ulcers appear,
leaving extreme deformation.
220
00:28:10,120 --> 00:28:14,560
The ulcer inside of the elbow
has poorly healed with a rough scar.
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00:28:19,960 --> 00:28:23,560
And so the patient
cannot extend his arm anymore.
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00:28:41,680 --> 00:28:45,720
Tertiary stage
progressive syphilitic ulcer of the arm.
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In the absence of treatment,
all organs are severely affected.
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Paralysis of the ocular muscles
is frequent.
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Pathogens enter the bones
and destroy them.
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They attack the liver
and severely damage it.
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00:29:41,640 --> 00:29:42,760
Healthy liver.
228
00:29:58,880 --> 00:30:01,000
Atrophied and inflamed liver
229
00:30:01,160 --> 00:30:04,280
from a person
who died from hepatic syphilis.
230
00:30:04,440 --> 00:30:06,080
(syphilitic cirrhosis).
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00:30:23,640 --> 00:30:28,080
Pathogens nestle deep in the walls
of the blood vessels.
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00:30:28,240 --> 00:30:32,040
They weaken and damage them
and render them inefficient.
233
00:30:32,280 --> 00:30:35,080
Healthy, smooth abdominal aorta.
234
00:30:44,720 --> 00:30:47,040
A syphilitic patient's abdominal aorta.
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00:30:47,200 --> 00:30:50,040
The aorta wall was weakened.
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00:30:50,200 --> 00:30:53,960
It bulged and finally exploded,
which caused internal bleeding.
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00:30:54,120 --> 00:30:57,360
This is a frequent consequence
of untreated syphilis!
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00:30:57,520 --> 00:30:59,080
(Aortic aneurysm.)
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00:31:08,040 --> 00:31:12,120
After decades of seeming health,
incurable pathologies suddenly appear:
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00:31:12,280 --> 00:31:13,720
syphilitic complications
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1. Progressive ataxia (tabes)
Syphilis is always the cause.
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It makes walking difficult...
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... or even impossible without a cane.
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00:32:08,920 --> 00:32:11,560
Often, patients can hardly write,
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00:32:11,720 --> 00:32:15,800
because they lose control
of their limbs.
246
00:32:28,920 --> 00:32:31,920
2. Softening of the brain (paralysis)
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00:32:32,080 --> 00:32:35,400
Alteration of the mind and personality.
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00:32:35,560 --> 00:32:38,480
Prodigality and attacks of acute mania.
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00:33:11,120 --> 00:33:15,040
Dementia renders
the simplest tasks impossible,
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00:33:15,200 --> 00:33:17,720
such as getting dressed or undressed.
251
00:33:17,880 --> 00:33:21,480
After a few years in a lunatic asylum,
the patient dies.
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The poisoning of unfortunate offspring
253
00:34:18,720 --> 00:34:22,760
by syphilitic parents who neglect
or are unaware of their condition,
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00:34:22,920 --> 00:34:24,680
causes nameless misfortune:
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00:34:24,840 --> 00:34:27,360
1. Miscarriages.
2. Premature births.
256
00:34:27,520 --> 00:34:29,760
3. Malformations (saddlenose, etc.)
257
00:34:29,920 --> 00:34:33,040
4. Children with skin,
bone and other disorders,
258
00:34:33,200 --> 00:34:36,080
who die within a few months or years.
259
00:34:36,240 --> 00:34:39,040
5. Deaf or blind children
6. Idiotic children
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00:34:39,200 --> 00:34:41,640
Such are the frequent consequences
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00:34:41,800 --> 00:34:44,800
of badly or untreated syphilis
in parents.
262
00:34:58,080 --> 00:35:01,600
These terrible consequences
can undoubtedly be avoided.
263
00:35:01,760 --> 00:35:04,920
For this, robust, adequate treatment
264
00:35:05,080 --> 00:35:09,400
implemented by a trustworthy doctor
is absolutely essential.
265
00:35:09,560 --> 00:35:13,280
(Beware of those who extol
their own virtues in newspapers!)
266
00:35:15,880 --> 00:35:19,120
The earlier the treatment
(mercury or Salvarsan),
267
00:35:19,280 --> 00:35:21,880
the easier and fuller the healing.
268
00:35:22,040 --> 00:35:25,400
Immediate recovery
and complete elimination of symptoms
269
00:35:25,560 --> 00:35:27,800
are possible
early in the first stage,
270
00:35:27,960 --> 00:35:31,640
before the lymph nodes
and blood are invaded.
271
00:35:32,600 --> 00:35:36,120
If you have the slightest doubt,
see a doctor!
272
00:35:36,800 --> 00:35:41,760
Even at later stages,
treatment often works wonders.
273
00:35:41,920 --> 00:35:45,480
Caries of the skull
from an untreated patient.
274
00:35:58,480 --> 00:36:02,000
Syphilitic bone damage
healed after treatment
275
00:36:02,160 --> 00:36:06,400
from a person who died
from another condition years later.
276
00:36:23,320 --> 00:36:26,680
At first, symptoms
are absent for a long time.
277
00:36:26,840 --> 00:36:31,240
But the poison is in the body.
One day, it reveals itself.
278
00:36:31,400 --> 00:36:34,160
Consequences are usually severe.
279
00:36:34,320 --> 00:36:39,240
In this period too, the doctor
can detect the disease (and fight it)
280
00:36:39,400 --> 00:36:44,680
using the Wassermann test
performed on the patient's blood sample.
281
00:37:16,320 --> 00:37:19,480
The sample is meticulously analyzed
in a laboratory.
282
00:37:19,640 --> 00:37:21,440
Additives are added,
283
00:37:21,600 --> 00:37:25,920
then it is placed in an incubator
to achieve a reaction.
284
00:37:44,240 --> 00:37:47,800
When the reaction is complete,
the doctor can determine
285
00:37:47,960 --> 00:37:51,000
if the patient is syphilitic
(+ positive reaction)
286
00:37:51,160 --> 00:37:55,240
or not (- negative reaction),
and begin treatment.
287
00:38:14,880 --> 00:38:16,600
Wassermann test +++
288
00:38:24,520 --> 00:38:26,840
Wassermann test -
289
00:38:35,520 --> 00:38:39,880
The slightest doubt must be dispelled
using the Wassermann test.
290
00:38:40,040 --> 00:38:44,800
Treatment must continue
until the test is negative.
291
00:38:44,960 --> 00:38:46,280
Even after recovery,
292
00:38:46,440 --> 00:38:50,480
a blood test needs to be done
at least once a year
293
00:38:50,640 --> 00:38:52,520
to prevent a relapse.
294
00:38:54,040 --> 00:38:57,080
If you are ill,
protect your fellow human beings:
295
00:38:57,240 --> 00:38:59,760
1. Scrupulous cleanliness is crucial.
296
00:39:07,960 --> 00:39:10,880
2. All contamination risks
must be avoided.
297
00:39:11,040 --> 00:39:14,240
The law forbids patients
having sexual intercourse.
298
00:39:14,400 --> 00:39:17,040
The doctor must remind them of the law,
299
00:39:17,200 --> 00:39:21,040
and explain to them
why they are a danger to others.
300
00:39:35,880 --> 00:39:38,560
INFORMATION TO PEOPLE
WITH A VENEREAL DISEASE
301
00:39:38,720 --> 00:39:40,040
YOU ARE SUFFERING
302
00:39:40,200 --> 00:39:42,240
FROM A CONTAGIOUS
VENEREAL DISEASE
303
00:39:42,400 --> 00:39:44,240
(GONORRHEA, SYPHILIS, CHANCRE).
304
00:39:44,400 --> 00:39:47,480
STRICTLY FOLLOW YOUR TREATMENT
AND YOU WILL RECOVER.
305
00:39:47,640 --> 00:39:51,080
IF YOU DO NOT FOLLOW
THE DOCTOR'S PRESCRIPTIONS
306
00:39:51,240 --> 00:39:52,520
THE WORSE CAN HAPPEN.
307
00:39:52,680 --> 00:39:54,520
ONLY A MEDICAL DOCTOR
CAN ASSESS
308
00:39:54,680 --> 00:39:56,080
HOW CONTAGIOUS YOU ARE,
309
00:39:56,240 --> 00:39:57,080
FOR GONORRHEA,
310
00:39:57,240 --> 00:39:59,560
USING REPEATED
MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATIONS,
311
00:39:59,720 --> 00:40:02,240
FOR SYPHILIS,
THROUGH CLINICAL EXAMINATIONS
312
00:40:02,400 --> 00:40:04,800
AND BLOOD TESTS
OVER SEVERAL YEARS
313
00:40:04,960 --> 00:40:07,880
YOU CAN ONLY STOP
CHECK-UPS AND TREATMENT
314
00:40:08,040 --> 00:40:11,640
IF THE DOCTOR FINDS YOU
HEALTHY AND NON CONTAGIOUS.
315
00:40:11,800 --> 00:40:14,480
MEANWHILE,
SEXUAL INTERCOURSE AND MARRIAGE
316
00:40:14,640 --> 00:40:15,960
ARE FORBIDDEN.
317
00:40:16,120 --> 00:40:18,160
WHOEVER HAS SEXUAL INTERCOURSE
318
00:40:18,320 --> 00:40:21,920
KNOWING THAT HE HAS
A CONTAGIOUS VENEREAL DISEASE
319
00:40:22,080 --> 00:40:24,320
SHALL BE PUNISHED
WITH IMPRISONMENT
320
00:40:24,480 --> 00:40:26,720
(SEE §3 OF THE LAW HEREINAFTER).
321
00:40:32,280 --> 00:40:34,320
§3
WHOEVER PERFORMS A SEXUAL ACT
322
00:40:34,480 --> 00:40:36,680
KNOWING OR ASSUMING
THAT THEY HAVE
323
00:40:36,840 --> 00:40:38,960
A CONTAGIOUS VENEREAL DISEASE
324
00:40:39,120 --> 00:40:41,440
FACES A TERM OF PRISON
OF UP TO 3 YEARS.
325
00:40:41,600 --> 00:40:43,240
BETWEEN SPOUSES OR FIANCÉS,
326
00:40:43,400 --> 00:40:46,920
LEGAL ACTION WILL BE TAKEN
ONLY IF ONE OF THEM REQUESTS IT.
327
00:40:47,080 --> 00:40:49,280
THERE IS
A 6-MONTH LIMITATION PERIOD.
328
00:40:49,440 --> 00:40:52,040
§4 - DOCTORS
EXAMINING OR TREATING A PATIENT
329
00:40:52,200 --> 00:40:54,200
WITH A CONTAGIOUS
VENEREAL DISEASE
330
00:40:54,360 --> 00:40:55,360
MUST INFORM THEM
331
00:40:55,520 --> 00:40:57,920
OF THEIR CONDITION,
THEIR CONTAGION
332
00:40:58,080 --> 00:41:01,120
AND THE SENTENCE INCURRED
FOR DEEDS DESCRIBED IN §3.
333
00:41:13,000 --> 00:41:17,680
Subtitles: C. Bourgogne,
E Fuchs, P. Kochanowski & L. Serris